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Nursing (MSN, DNP & Post Masters)

PICO(T) for Clinical Questions

Healthcare professionals sometimes use the PICO or PICOT format to develop keywords for searching of clinical questions where:

  • P - Patient or Population or Problem
  • I - Intervention or prognostic factor of interest
  • C - Comparison to intervention
  • O - Outcome of interest
  • T - Time (sometimes included)


For more information on Evidence-Based Practice and using PICO to develop a clinical research question, please read: 

Asking the compelling question. (2019). In M. Godshall, Fast fact for evidence-based practice: Implementing EBP in a nutshell.  Springer Publishing Company.

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