LibGuides: APA Help (6th edition): Reference Citations

Reference Citation Examples

Electronic articles and periodicals
General format (electronic)	Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Title of Book/Journal, Volume number(Issue number), page numbers. https://dx.doi.org/
Article from library database or electronic journal (when DOI is not available)	Longaretti, L., & Wilson, J. (2006). The impact of perceptions on conflict management. Educational Research Quarterly, 29(4), 3-15.
Article from library database or electronic journal (when DOI is available)	Morio, H., & Bushholtz, C. (2008). How anonymous are you online? Examining online social behaviors from a cross-cultural perspective. Al & Society, 23, 297-307. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00146-007-0143-0
Article from newspaper, magazine or website	Kristof, K.M. (2009, July 5). New student repayment plan is based on borrower's income. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com

When retrieving an online article from a website rather than a database, list the URL. This rule applies to online reference works as well.
When retrieving from a well-known website, such as The New York Times, only the sites homepage is needed (in this case http://www.nytimes.com).
When retrieving an article from a less well-known website, list the full URL.
Only include the issue number (in parenthesis) if each issue of the journal begins on page 1.

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC.

Articles and periodicals in print
General format (print)	Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Title of Journal, Volume number(Issue number), page numbers.
Journal article	Wood, S. N., & Quackenbush, K. (2001). The sorcerer's stone: A touchstone for readers of all ages. English Journal, 90(3), 97-103.
Newspaper article	Curwen, T. (2011, August 9). Calligraphers still going against type. Los Angeles Times, pp. A1, A8.
Magazine article	Yeoman, B. (September-October 2011). Facing the future. Audubon, 64-69, 86-87.
Book review	Miner, V. (2004, December). Iowa meditations [Review of the book Gilead, 2004]. The Women's Review of Books, 22, 19.
Anonymous article	Education in America and Britain: Learning lessons from private schools. (2009, July 2). Economist, 20-21.
Article with Eight or more authors	Stamova, B. S., Apperson, M., Walker, W. L., Tian, Y., Xu, H., Adamczyk, P., …Sharp, F. R. (2009, Aug 5). Identification and validation of suitable endogenous reference genes for gene expression studies in human peripheral blood. BMC Medical Genomics , 2(1), 49.

"Although the above is an example of how to list 8 or more authors for a print journal article citation, the same rule applies to any work that has eight or more authors" (American Psychological Association, 2009)

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC.

Books
General format	Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.
One author	Pinney, T. (2005). History of wine in America: From prohibition to the present. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Two authors	Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Three to seven authors	Cox, H. C., Newfield, S. A., Tilley, D. S., Sridaromont, K. L., & Maramba, P. J. (2007). Cox's clinical applications nursing diagnosis: adult, child, women's, mental health, gerontic, and home health considerations (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co.
Corporate authors	Center of Professional Responsibility, American Bar Association (2004). Model code of judicial conduct. Chicago, IL: Author.
Editors	Donohue, J. J., & Esposito, J. L. (Eds.). (2007). Islam in transition: Muslim perspectives. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Electronic version of print book (ebook)	Verrill, A. H. (1916). Marooned in the forest: The story of a primitive fight for life [Hathi Trust Digital Library version]. Retrieved from http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001029608
Multivolume work	Ford, B. (Ed.). (1988-1991). The Cambridge guide to the arts in Britian (Vols. 1-9). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Encyclopedia article	Escobar, E. (2004). Zoot suit. In The encyclopedia of Latino popular culture (Vol. 2, pp. 898-899). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Book chapter	Konishi, S. (2011). Representing Aboriginal masculinity in Howard's Australia. In R.L. Jackson II and M. Balaji (Eds.). Masculinities and Manhood (pp.161-185). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Essay or chapter in an anthology or edited book	Porter, K. A. (1995). The grave. In S. Mee (Ed.), Downhome: An anthology of Southern women writers (pp.461-67). San Diego, CA: Harcourt, Brace.

If the author and publisher are the same person or entity, use Author in place of the publisher's name as demonstrated in the Corporate Author example above.

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC.

Audio and Visual
General Format	Producer, A. A. (Copyright year). Title [Medium /Type]. Place of publication: Publisher.
LP/CD/Streaming Media	Jackson, M. (1993). Thriller. On Thriller [CD]. New York, NY: Epic Records.
Film/Motion picture	Capra, F. (Director). (1946). It’s a wonderful life [Motion picture]. United States: Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) Pictures.

Audio and Visual

General Format

Producer, A. A. (Copyright year). Title [Medium /Type].

Place of publication: Publisher.

LP/CD/Streaming Media

Jackson, M. (1993). Thriller. On Thriller [CD].

New York, NY: Epic Records.

Film/Motion picture

Capra, F. (Director). (1946). It’s a wonderful life [Motion picture].

United States: Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) Pictures.

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC.

Websites
General format (website)	Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of page: Capital letter also for subtitle. Retrieved from URL
Article from newspaper, magazine or website	Kristof, K.M. (2009, July 5). New student repayment plan is based on borrower's income. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com
Journal article from open website	Perry, R., Press, M. M., Rohatinsky, N., Compton, R.M., & Sedgwick,M. (2016, September). Pilot study: Nursing students' perception of the environment in two clinical models. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 3(3), 285-290. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352013216300114

Websites

General format (website)

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of page: Capital letter also for

subtitle. Retrieved from URL

Article from newspaper, magazine or website

Kristof, K.M. (2009, July 5). New student repayment plan is based on

borrower's income. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com

Journal article from open website

Perry, R., Press, M. M., Rohatinsky, N., Compton, R.M., & Sedgwick,M.

(2016, September). Pilot study: Nursing students' perception

of the environment in two clinical models. International Journal of Nursing Sciences,

3(3), 285-290. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352013216300114

When retrieving an online article from a website rather than a database, list the URL. This rule applies to online reference works as well.
When retrieving from a well-known website, such as The New York Times, only the sites homepage is needed (in this case http://www.nytimes.com).
When retrieving an article from a less well-known website, list the full URL.
Only include the issue number (in parenthesis) if each issue of the journal begins on page 1.

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC.

Government and Organization Reports
Corporate Author, Government Report	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.(2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/asth_sch.pdf

Government and Organization Reports

Corporate Author, Government Report

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of

Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.(2003). Managing asthma:

A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). Retrieved from

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/asth_sch.pdf

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC.