Sometimes a source you are trying to cite is missing part of the information needed to complete the citation. These can include author, title, or date. When this happens, use the following table to help you complete your APA citation.
| Missing Pieces | |
|---|---|
What's Missing? |
No Author |
What do I do? |
Substitute title for author; then provide date and source.
|
Example for an Article |
How anonymous are you online? Examining online social behaviors from a cross-cultural perspective. (2008). Al & Society, 23, 297-307. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00146-007-0143-0
|
Example for a Website |
More tests needed before Ohio city gets water back. (2014, August 4). Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/08/03/toledo-tells-residents-not-to-drink-water-due-to-presence-toxins/
|
Example for a Book |
Fodor's Amsterdam & the Netherlands. (2011). New York, NY: Fodor’s Travel Publications.
|
This table was compiled using information from the following sources:
American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC.
American Psychological Association. (2012, May 17). Missing pieces: How to write an APA style reference even without all the information.
Retrieved from https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/05/missing-pieces.html
Baker College. (2019, April 9). References & in-text citation examples. Retrieved from https://guides.baker.edu/c.php?g=304134&p=2025531
Sometimes a source you are trying to cite is missing part of the information needed to complete the citation. These can include author, title, or date. When this happens, use the following table to help you complete your APA citation.
| Missing Pieces | |
|---|---|
What's Missing? |
No Date |
What do I do? |
Provide author, substitute n.d. for no date, and then give title and source.
|
Example for an Article |
Morio, H., & Bushholtz, C. (n.d.). How anonymous are you online? Examining online social behaviors from a cross-cultural perspective. Al & Society, 23, 297-307. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00146-007-0143-0
|
Example for a Website |
United States Sentencing Commission. (n.d.). An overview of the federal sentencing guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/about/overview/Overview_Federal_Sentencing_Guidelines.pdf
|
Example for a Book |
Waller, B. N. (n.d.). Consider ethics: Theory, readings, and contemporary issues (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
|
Sometimes a source you are trying to cite is missing part of the information needed to complete the citation. These can include author, title, or date. When this happens, use the following table to help you complete your APA citation.
| Missing Pieces | |
|---|---|
What's Missing? |
No Title |
What do I do? |
Provide author and date, describe document inside square brackets, and then give source.
|
Example for an Article |
Kristof, K.M. (2009, July 5). [Letter to the editor]. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com
|
Example for a Website |
Strang, J. [Photographer]. (2016). [Untitled photograph of the Aurora Borealis]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polarlicht_2.jpg
|
Example for a Book |
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). [Special section]. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
|
Sometimes a source you are trying to cite is missing part of the information needed to complete the citation. These can include author, title, or date. When this happens, use the following table to help you complete your APA citation.
| Missing Pieces | |
|---|---|
What's Missing? |
No Author & No Date |
What do I do? |
Substitute title for author and n.d. for no date; then give source.
|
Example for an Article |
How anonymous are you online? Examining online social behaviors from a cross-cultural perspective. (n.d.). Al & Society, 23, 297-307. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00146-007-0143-0
|
Example for a Website |
Internet crime prevention tips. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ic3.gov/preventiontips.aspx
|
Example for a Book |
Fodor's Amsterdam & the Netherlands. (n.d.). New York, NY: Fodor’s Travel Publications.
|
Sometimes a source you are trying to cite is missing part of the information needed to complete the citation. These can include author, title, or date. When this happens, use the following table to help you complete your APA citation.
| Missing Pieces | |
|---|---|
What's Missing? |
No Author & No Title |
What do I do? |
Substitute description of document inside square brackets for author; then give date and source.
|
Example for an Article |
[Letter to the editor]. (2009, July 5). Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com
|
Example for a Website |
[Untitled photograph of the Aurora Borealis]. (2016). Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polarlicht_2.jpg
|
Example for a Book |
[Special section]. (2013). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
|
Sometimes a source you are trying to cite is missing part of the information needed to complete the citation. These can include author, title, or date. When this happens, use the following table to help you complete your APA citation.
| Missing Pieces | |
|---|---|
What's Missing? |
No Date & No Title |
What do I do? |
Provide author, substitute n.d. for no date, describe document inside square brackets, and then give source.
|
Example for an Article |
Kristof, K.M. (n.d.). [Letter to the editor]. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com
|
Example for a Website |
Strang, J. [Photographer]. (n.d.). [Untitled photograph of the Aurora Borealis]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polarlicht_2.jpg
|
Example for a Book |
American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). [Special section]. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
|
Sometimes a source you are trying to cite is missing part of the information needed to complete the citation. These can include author, title, or date. When this happens, use the following table to help you complete your APA citation.
| Missing Pieces | |
|---|---|
What's Missing? |
No Author, Date, & Title |
What do I do? |
Substitute description of document inside square brackets for author, substitute n.d. for no date, and then give source.
|
Example for an Article |
[Letter to the editor]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com
|
Example for a Website |
[Untitled photograph of the Aurora Borealis]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polarlicht_2.jpg
|
Example for a Book |
[Special section]. (n.d.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
|
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